Papers

Written at Phillips Academy Andover, grouped by subject, newest first.

Economics & Environmental Policy

May 2026The Hidden Cost of Intelligence: Data Centers, Behavioral Economics, and Climate Policy
Frames the energy demands of AI data centers as both an environmental externality and a behavioral problem, and proposes a three-pillar accountability plan of disclosure, a graduated fee and conditional renewable procurement.
Mar 2026A Greener Economy: Carbon Pricing and Sustainable Integration into Our Economy
Examines carbon taxes and emissions trading as macroeconomic tools, with China’s Shenzhen emissions trading scheme as a case study.
Mar 2025Balancing a Nation’s Wealth with Nature’s Future: Conservation in a Time of Capitalism
Traces how Theodore Roosevelt and Gifford Pinchot built a conservation framework that balanced economic growth with environmental protection in an age of industrial expansion.

Feb 2025Ants in the Heat of Survival
Surveys the ecological importance of ants and the threats that climate change poses to them, drawing on an observation of a captive weaver ant colony.
Nov 2024Anthro-Bio-Eco-Centrism
Weighs anthropocentrism, biocentrism and ecocentrism, and argues for a combined position that balances human needs with the intrinsic value of other life.

May 2026The Event Horizon
Argues that Clement Greenberg’s formalism illuminates Georgia O’Keeffe’s Black Iris more fully than Harold Rosenberg’s idea of painting as an act.
Apr 2026Refraction of Reality
Draws on Robert Rosenblum’s essay “Cubism” to argue that Cubism reveals perception as an act of interpretation, contrasting Cézanne with Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon.
Apr 2026The Metaphorical Illusion
Reads Munch’s The Scream through Nietzsche’s claim that truth is “a movable host of metaphors.”
Apr 2026Suspended Out of Time
Connects Muybridge’s sequential photography with the Great Exhibition of 1851, arguing that both froze experience into still, commodified instants.

May 2025Golden Dreams, Red Shadows: The Golden Age of Hollywood and the Politics That Silenced It
Examines how the Red Scares and the House Un-American Activities Committee reshaped Golden Age Hollywood, through the contrasting paths of Ring Lardner Jr. and G. David Schine.